TMJ and Post-Concussion Syndrome

TMJ dysfunction (TMD) and Post-concussion syndrome (PCS) are closely linked. The trauma that causes a concussion often strains the jaw and neck.  Many concussions occur with rapid acceleration-deceleration forces that can strain the neck (whiplash), alter mandibular mechanics and increase muscle guarding of the neck and jaw muscles. The jaw often absorbs significant forces during impact, without direct trauma to the face.

Following whiplash or concussion, patients commonly develop increased tone in the masticatory (chewing) muscles with protective guarding which can lead to limited mouth opening.  This may result in jaw pain with chewing or wide mouth opening, increasing clenching and grinding of the teeth, and holding the jaw in a guarded position.The trigeminal nerve, responsible for jaw movement and facial sensation, is particularly susceptible to head trauma and central nervous system stress, potentially leading to a decreased pain threshold. Following concussion, heightened trigeminal nerve sensitivity may amplify pain from even mild TMJ dysfunction. The nervous system becomes more protective, resulting in increased pain, muscle guarding, reduced movement, increased headache frequency and increased sensitivity to chewing.

Because the nervous and musculoskeletal systems are deeply interconnected, it can be difficult to tell whether symptoms stem from PCS or TMD.  Shared symptoms include:

• Headache

• Ear symptoms include fullness, tinnitus

• Neck, facial and jaw pain

• Dizziness, vertigo

• Difficulty concentrating, cognitive fatigue

As specialized physical therapists, we are trained to thoroughly evaluate the TMJ and neck for all muscle and joint dysfunctions. We are proficient in vestibular assessment including eye testing, balance, gait, and motion sensitivity testing. We are skilled in treating these deficits with manual techniques, therapeutic exercise, neuromuscular re-education, vestibular rehabilitation, and pain neuroscience education. Our goal is to help our patients understand that persistent symptoms do not necessarily indicate ongoing tissue damage and that multiple body symptoms (jaw, neck, vestibular system, nervous system) can contribute to symptoms. 

If you are experiencing symptoms of TMJ dysfunction, whiplash, or Post-concussion syndrome, our specialized physical therapy team is here to help. Contact us today to schedule an evaluation and personalized treatment plan to address your unique needs and support your recovery journey.